---
title: Math Functions
description: Mathematical functions and constants accessed through the math namespace.
---

All math functions are accessed through the `math` namespace and use keyword arguments where applicable.

```javascript
math.abs(value)
math.max(a, b)
math.sin(value)
```

## Mathematical Constants

| Constant | Value | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.E` | 2.718 | Euler's number, base of natural logarithms |
| `math.PI` | 3.142 | Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter |
| `math.SQRT2` | 1.414 | Square root of 2 |
| `math.SQRT1_2` | 0.707 | Square root of 1/2 |
| `math.LN2` | 0.693 | Natural logarithm of 2 |
| `math.LN10` | 2.303 | Natural logarithm of 10 |
| `math.LOG2E` | 1.443 | Base-2 logarithm of E |
| `math.LOG10E` | 0.434 | Base-10 logarithm of E |

## Basic

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.abs` | `math.abs(value)` | Absolute value of a number |
| `math.sign` | `math.sign(value)` | Sign of a number — returns `1`, `-1`, or `0` |
| `math.random` | `math.random()` | Random number between 0 and 1 |

## Rounding

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.ceil` | `math.ceil(value)` | Smallest integer greater than or equal to `value` |
| `math.floor` | `math.floor(value)` | Largest integer less than or equal to `value` |
| `math.round` | `math.round(value)` | Rounded to the nearest integer |
| `math.trunc` | `math.trunc(value)` | Integer part — strips the fractional digits |

## Comparison

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.max` | `math.max(a, b, ...)` | Largest of the given numbers |
| `math.min` | `math.min(a, b, ...)` | Smallest of the given numbers |

## Trigonometric (radians)

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.sin` | `math.sin(value)` | Sine |
| `math.cos` | `math.cos(value)` | Cosine |
| `math.tan` | `math.tan(value)` | Tangent |
| `math.asin` | `math.asin(value)` | Arcsine |
| `math.acos` | `math.acos(value)` | Arccosine |
| `math.atan` | `math.atan(value)` | Arctangent |
| `math.atan2` | `math.atan2(y, x)` | Arctangent of `y/x`, preserving quadrant |

## Hyperbolic

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.sinh` | `math.sinh(value)` | Hyperbolic sine |
| `math.cosh` | `math.cosh(value)` | Hyperbolic cosine |
| `math.tanh` | `math.tanh(value)` | Hyperbolic tangent |
| `math.asinh` | `math.asinh(value)` | Inverse hyperbolic sine |
| `math.acosh` | `math.acosh(value)` | Inverse hyperbolic cosine |
| `math.atanh` | `math.atanh(value)` | Inverse hyperbolic tangent |

## Exponential & Logarithmic

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.exp` | `math.exp(value)` | `e` raised to the given power |
| `math.expm1` | `math.expm1(value)` | `e^x - 1` (precise for small `x`) |
| `math.log` | `math.log(value)` | Natural logarithm |
| `math.log1p` | `math.log1p(value)` | Natural logarithm of `1 + x` (precise for small `x`) |
| `math.log2` | `math.log2(value)` | Base-2 logarithm |
| `math.log10` | `math.log10(value)` | Base-10 logarithm |
| `math.pow` | `math.pow(base, exponent)` | `base` raised to `exponent` |

## Roots

| Function | Signature | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `math.sqrt` | `math.sqrt(value)` | Square root |
| `math.cbrt` | `math.cbrt(value)` | Cube root |
| `math.hypot` | `math.hypot(a, b, ...)` | Square root of the sum of squares |