kScript v1 vs v2 — Key Differences

• Execution was line-by-line and evaluated expressions directly
• Developers had to manually assemble time-aligned series using:
  • buildTimeseries(...)
  • mergeTimeseries(...)
  • matchTimestamp(...)
  • timeseries(...) constructor
• This was unintuitive and often led to performance bottlenecks

• Introduces per-bar execution model, similar to Pine Script
• Script phases:
  1. Initialization → definitions, inputs, data subscriptions
  2. Calculation → runs once per bar
  3. Plotting → render output
• No need for manual alignment; the engine handles timeseries iteration automatically

Functions accepted only positional arguments, making scripts harder to read and maintain.

plotLine(rsiTs, 3, ["red", "green"])

All functions now support keyword arguments (kwargs). More readable and order-independent.

plotLine(value=rsiTs, width=3, colors=["red", "green"])

• Most errors surfaced only at runtime
• Developers had to debug by trial and error

• Strong compile-time analysis
• Detects syntax errors, scope violations, and type mismatches before execution
• Safer and faster iteration for script developers

All data sources handled via the generic source(...) function.

Dedicated functions for specific data types:

• ohlcv(symbol, exchange)
• trades(symbol, exchange)
• orderbook(symbol, exchange)

Improves readability and ensures correct schema handling.

timeseries ohlcvTs = ohlcv(symbol="BTCUSDT", exchange="BINANCE")

• Functions like rsi, ema returned a full timeseries
• Developers often misunderstood how to work with them, leading to redundant or incorrect code

• Each technical function returns a scalar value per bar
• Much simpler to use directly in expressions and plots

var r = rsi(source=ohlcvTs.close, period=14)
plotLine(value=r, width=2, colors=["#3fa9f5"], label=["RSI"], desc=["Relative Strength Index"])

Accessing fields from data was clunky and inconsistent.

Clean accessors for multi-field series like OHLCV:

• ohlcvTs.close
• ohlcvTs.open
• ohlcvTs.high
• ohlcvTs.low
• ohlcvTs.volume

var diff = ohlcvTs.close - ohlcvTs.open

• Forward-style indexing only (oldest first)
• Hard to get the latest values directly

Reverse indexing: ts[0] → latest bar, ts[1] → one bar before last, etc.

var lastClose = ohlcvTs[0].close
var prevClose = ohlcvTs[1].close

No support for custom functions.

User-defined functions via func. Enables modular, reusable code.

func safeDiv(a, b) {
  return b == 0 ? 0 : a / b
}

No support for looping constructs.

Full support for for and while loops (restricted to var variables).

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i = i + 1) {
  print(text=i)
}

Limited plotting functions (plotLine, plotBar).

Extended plotting options:

• plotLine(...)
• plotBar(...)
• plotCandle(...)
• plotShape(...)

All support kwargs and flexible styling.

Minimal helper set.

Extended standard library with math, indicators, and utility helpers:

• Indicators: rsi, ema, sma, stoch, ma, ...
• Helpers: abs, round, max, min, ...
• Debugging: print, printTimeSeries